Ðåôåðàòû ïî ñåêñîëîãèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî èíôîðìàòèêå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèþ
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áèîëîãèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîíîìèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ìîñêâîâåäåíèþ
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîëîãèè
Êðàòêîå ñîäåðæàíèå ïðîèçâåäåíèé
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ôèçêóëüòóðå è ñïîðòó
Òîïèêè ïî àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ìàòåìàòèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ìóçûêå
Îñòàëüíûå ðåôåðàòû
Ðåôåðàòû ïî àâèàöèè è êîñìîíàâòèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîìó ïðàâó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áåçîïàñíîñòè æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî àðáèòðàæíîìó ïðîöåññó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî àðõèòåêòóðå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî àñòðîíîìèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áàíêîâñêîìó äåëó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áèðæåâîìó äåëó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áîòàíèêå è ñåëüñêîìó õîçÿéñòâó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî áóõãàëòåðñêîìó ó÷åòó è àóäèòó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî âàëþòíûì îòíîøåíèÿì
Ðåôåðàòû ïî âåòåðèíàðèè
Ðåôåðàòû äëÿ âîåííîé êàôåäðû
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãåîãðàôèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãåîäåçèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãåîëîãèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãåîïîëèòèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãîñóäàðñòâó è ïðàâó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî ãðàæäàíñêîìó ïðàâó è ïðîöåññó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî äåëîïðîèçâîäñòâó
Ðåôåðàòû ïî êðåäèòîâàíèþ
Ðåôåðàòû ïî åñòåñòâîçíàíèþ
Ðåôåðàòû ïî èñòîðèè òåõíèêè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî æóðíàëèñòèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî çîîëîãèè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî èíâåñòèöèÿì
Ðåôåðàòû ïî èíôîðìàòèêå
Èñòîðè÷åñêèå ëè÷íîñòè
Ðåôåðàòû ïî êèáåðíåòèêå
Ðåôåðàòû ïî êîììóíèêàöèè è ñâÿçè
Äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà: Ïðîåêò ãðàæäàíñêîãî çäàíèÿ èç äðåâåñèíû
Äèïëîìíàÿ ðàáîòà: Ïðîåêò ãðàæäàíñêîãî çäàíèÿ èç äðåâåñèíû
Ñîäåðæàíèå
Ââåäåíèå
Ðàñ÷¸ò êëååôàíåðíîé ïàíåëè
Ðàñ÷¸ò ïàíåëè «Ñýíäâè÷»
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ñõåìà ôåðìû
Ïîäáîð ñå÷åíèé
Ïîäáîð ñå÷åíèé ðàñêîñîâ
Ðàñ÷¸ò ñòîéêè
Ðàñ÷¸ò óçëîâ ôåðìû
Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ
Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ
Ââåäåíèå
 êóðñîâîé ðàáîòå ðàçðàáîòàí ïðîåêò ãðàæäàíñêîãî çäàíèÿ èç äðåâåñèíû â êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ãîðîäà Ìîñêâà. Ïî çàìûñëó çäàíèå áóäåò âûïîëíÿòü øàòðîâóþ ôóíêöèþ íàä õîêêåéíûì êîðòîì. Õîêêåéíûé êîðò ðàçìåðîì 61 × 21 ìåòð óäà÷íî âïèñûâàåòñÿ â ðàçìåðû çäàíèÿ 72 × 26 ìåòðîâ.
Íåñóùàÿ êîíñòðóêöèÿ ïîêðûòèÿ ýòîãî çäàíèÿ äåðåâÿííàÿ, êëååäîùàòàÿ. Ïðîë¸ò ñåãìåíòíîé ôåðìû 26 ìåòðîâ, íèæíèé ïîÿñ å¸ ñîñòîèò èç äâóõ ìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ óãîëêîâ. Òàê æå çàïðîåêòèðîâàíà êëååäîùàòàÿ ïàíåëü ïîêðûòèÿ è ñòåíîâàÿ ïàíåëü òèïà «ñýíäâè÷»
Ôåðìà îïèðàåòñÿ íà êëååäîùàòóþ ñòîéêó âûñîòîé 7,5 ìåòðîâ. Ñå÷åíèÿ âñåõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñïðîåêòèðîâàíû íà îñíîâå ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ãëàâ ÑÍèÏ II—25—80 èñõîäÿ èç óñëîâèé ïðî÷íîñòè è óñòîé÷èâîñòè, åñëè ýòî òðåáóåòñÿ.
Òîëùèíà äîñêè â ãíóòûõ ýëåìåíòàõ ïðèíÿòà çà 20 ìì.
Ðàñ÷¸ò êëååôàíåðíîé ïàíåëè
Ðåáðà æ¸ñòêîñòè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà ðàññòîÿíèè íå áîëåå 1,5 ì. L — äëèííà ïàíåëè ðàâíàÿ øàãó êîíñòðóêöèè (4 ì).  — øèðèíà ïàíåëè, ïðèíèìàåì êîíñòðóêòèâíî 1,5ì.
Ïðîäîëüíûå ð¸áðà ïðîåêòèðóþòñÿ èç äîñîê òîëùèíîé 25, 32, 40 ìì. Êðàéíèå ð¸áðà íà 2 ìì òîíüøå öåíòðîâûõ. Òîëùèíó öåíòðîâîãî ðåáðà ïðèíèìàåì 25 ìì.
Âåðõíÿÿ îáøèâêà ñêîíñòðóèðîâàíà èç ôàíåðû ÔÑÔ Â/ÂÂ è ìîæåò áûòü 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ìì. Ïðèíèìàåì 8 ìì. Íèæíÿÿ îáøèâêà ìîæåò áûòü 6, 7, 8 ìì. Ïðèíèìàåì 6 ìì.
Ñáîð íàãðóçîê íà ïàíåëü (â í/ì):
| Âèä íàãðóçêè |
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1. Ïîñòîÿííàÿ à) Êðîâëÿ «Òåõíîïëàñò-ãðèí» (áèòóì + ïîëèìåðû) á) Ôàíåðíûå îáøèâêè â) Ïðîäîëüíûå ð¸áðà
ã) Ïîïåðå÷íûå ð¸áðà
ä) Óòåïëèòåëü URSA (âåñ 600 Í)
å) Ïàðîèçîëÿöèÿ
|
60 136,5 92,64 23,16 125,46 1,5 |
1,2 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,2 |
72 150,15 101,9 25,48 150,56 1,8 |
| Âñåãî: |
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2. Âðåìåííàÿ íàãðóçêà À) Ñíåãîâàÿ |
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| Èòîãî: |
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Ðàñ÷¸òíàÿ äëèíà ïàíåëè:
Ðàñ÷¸òíàÿ øèðèíà ïàíåëè:
Òðåáóåìàÿ âûñîòà ïàíåëè:
Ïðèâåä¸ííàÿ ïëîùàäü ïàíåëè:
Ñòàòè÷åñêèé ìîìåíò îòíîñèòåëüíî êðàéíåé ãðàíè íèæíåé îáøèâêè:
Ïîëîæåíèå íåéòðàëüíîé îñè:
Ìîìåíò èíåðöèè ñå÷åíèÿ:
Ðàñ÷¸òíàÿ ñõåìà ïàíåëè
Ïðîâåðî÷íûé ðàñ÷¸ò ïðî÷íîñòè è æ¸ñòêîñòè
Ïðîâåðêà íà óñòîé÷èâîñòü âåðõíåé îáøèâêè:
Ïðîâåðêà íà èçãèá âåðõíåé îáøèâêè:
Ïðîâåðêà íà ðàñòÿæåíèå íèæíåé îáøèâêè:
Ïðîâåðêà íà ñêàëûâàíèå ïî íåéòðàëüíîìó ñëîþ:
Ïðîâåðêà íà ñêàëûâàíèå ïî êëååâîìó øâó ìåæäó øïîíàìè ôàíåðû â ìåñòàõ ïðèêëåéêè ê ð¸áðàì.
Ïðîâåðêà íà ïðîãèá:
Ðàñ÷¸ò ïàíåëè «Ñýíäâè÷»
Ñáîð íàãðóçîê íà ïàíåëü «Ñýíäâè÷»:
| Íàãðóçêà. |
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Ïîñòîÿííàÿ íàãðóçêà: 1. Ñòåêëîïëàñòèê ïîëèýôèðíûé:
2. Óòåïëèòåëü (ÏÏÓ—60):
3. Ïàðîèçîëÿöèÿ:
|
16,66 128,52 1,19 |
1,1 1,2 1,2 |
18,33 154,23 1,43 |
| Èòîãî ïîñòîÿííîé íàãðóçêè | 146,37 | 173,99 | |
|
Âðåìåííàÿ íàãðóçêà: 1. Ñíåãîâàÿ:
|
1500 |
|
2142 |
| Ïîëíàÿ | 1646,37 | 2316 |
Òðåáóåìîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó öåíòðàìè îáøèâîê:
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè:
Ïðîâåðî÷íûé îòñ÷¸ò:
Ïðîâåðêà ðàñòÿãèâàþùèõ íàïðÿæåíèé â íèæíåé îáøèâêå:
Ïðîâåðêà íà ñêàëûâàíèå:
Ïðîâåðêà íà ïðîãèá:
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ ñõåìà ôåðìû
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ôåðìû.
Ñáîð íàãðóçîê íà ôåðìó
| Íàèìåíîâàíèå íàãðóçêè |
|
|
|
| 1. Îò ïàíåëè ïîêðûòèÿ. | 1171,36 | — | 1242,4 |
| 2. Îò ñîáñòâåííîãî âåñà ôåðìû (îðèåíòèð | 819,69 | — | 1134,5 |
| Èòîãî: |
|
— |
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3. Âðåìåííàÿ. — Ñíåãîâàÿ |
|
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12168 |
Íàãðóçêè íà ôåðìó.
1. Ïîñòîÿííàÿ:
2. Ñíåãîâàÿ (âàðèàíò 1):
3. Ñíåãîâàÿ (âàðèàíò 2):
Ñî÷åòàíèÿ íàãðóçîê, ïðèêëàäûâàåìûõ ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå â ïðîãðàììå «RAMA».
Ñî÷åòàíèå 2:
Ñî÷åòàíèå 3:
Âíóòðåííèå óñèëèÿ M,N ïðè îñíîâíîì ñî÷åòàíèè íàãðóçîê.
Ñî÷åòàíèå 1—2.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ Nst(n,k) ¦ Mmax ( N ) ¦ Mmin ( N ) ¦ Nmax ( M ) ¦ Nmin ( M ) ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 1( 1, 2)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -102.95( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 7.32(-102.95) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -102.95( 7.32)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 10.40(-102.95) 6.56( -42.94) -42.94( 6.56) -102.95( 10.40)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 8.28(-102.95) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -102.95( 8.28)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -102.95( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 2( 2, 3)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -103.46( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 11.88(-103.46) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -103.46( 11.88)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 16.17(-103.46) 6.54( -42.95) -42.95( 6.54) -103.46( 16.17)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 12.37(-103.46) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -103.46( 12.37)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -103.46( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 3( 3, 4)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -43.00( 0.00) -106.58( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 13.80(-106.58) 4.90( -43.00) -43.00( 4.90) -106.58( 13.80)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 18.43(-106.58) 6.53( -43.00) -43.00( 6.53) -106.58( 18.43)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 13.80(-106.58) 4.90( -43.00) -43.00( 4.90) -106.58( 13.80)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.00( -43.00) -0.00(-106.58) -43.00( -0.00) -106.58( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 4( 4, 5)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -103.46( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 12.37(-103.46) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -103.46( 12.37)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 16.17(-103.46) 6.54( -42.95) -42.95( 6.54) -103.46( 16.17)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 11.88(-103.46) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -103.46( 11.88)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -103.46( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 5( 5, 6)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -102.95( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 8.28(-102.95) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -102.95( 8.28)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 10.40(-102.95) 6.56( -42.94) -42.94( 6.56) -102.95( 10.40)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 7.32(-102.95) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -102.95( 7.32)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -102.95( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 6( 6, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 90.11) 0.00( 36.72) 90.11( 0.00) 36.72( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ -0.02( 36.72) -0.04( 90.11) 90.11( -0.04) 36.72( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.72) -0.08( 90.11) 90.11( -0.08) 36.72( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.05( 36.72) -0.11( 90.11) 90.11( -0.11) 36.72( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.06( 36.72) -0.15( 90.11) 90.11( -0.15) 36.72( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 7( 7, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.06( 36.77) -0.15( 94.83) 94.83( -0.15) 36.77( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ -0.05( 36.77) -0.12( 94.83) 94.83( -0.12) 36.77( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.77) -0.08( 94.83) 94.83( -0.08) 36.77( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.02( 36.77) -0.05( 94.83) 94.83( -0.05) 36.77( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.00( 36.77) -0.01( 94.83) 94.83( -0.01) 36.77( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 8( 8, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.00( 36.76) -0.01( 94.82) 94.82( -0.01) 36.76( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ -0.02( 36.76) -0.05( 94.82) 94.82( -0.05) 36.76( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.76) -0.08( 94.82) 94.82( -0.08) 36.76( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.05( 36.76) -0.12( 94.82) 94.82( -0.12) 36.76( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.06( 36.76) -0.15( 94.82) 94.82( -0.15) 36.76( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 9( 1, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.00( 36.72) -0.00( 90.11) 90.11( -0.00) 36.72( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.04( 90.11) 0.02( 36.72) 90.11( 0.04) 36.72( 0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.08( 90.11) 0.03( 36.72) 90.11( 0.08) 36.72( 0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.11( 90.11) 0.05( 36.72) 90.11( 0.11) 36.72( 0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.15( 90.11) 0.06( 36.72) 90.11( 0.15) 36.72( 0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 10( 2, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 11( 3, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 12( 3, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 13( 4, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.03( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 14( 4, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00) -4.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 12 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 15( 5, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 3.25( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 12 1 ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Ïîïåðå÷íàÿ ñèëà Q ïðè îñíîâíîì è îñîáîì ñî÷åòàíèè íàãðóçîê.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ Nst(n,k) ¦ Qmax ¦ Qmin ¦ Qmax (os) ¦ Qmin (os) ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 1( 1, 2)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 6.670 4.795 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 3.921 2.397 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.469 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.397 -3.686 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.794 -8.542 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 2( 2, 3)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 11.360 4.789 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 5.978 2.394 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.239 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 2 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.394 -5.859 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.788 -12.313 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 3( 3, 4)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 13.441 4.786 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 6.765 2.393 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.000 -0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.393 -6.765 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.786 -13.441 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 4( 4, 5)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 12.315 4.789 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 5.859 2.394 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 -0.239 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 2 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.394 -5.978 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.788 -11.358 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 5( 5, 6)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 8.544 4.795 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 3.686 2.397 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 -0.469 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 2 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.397 -3.920 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.794 -6.668 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 6( 6, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.010 -0.023 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ -0.010 -0.023 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.023 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.010 -0.023 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.010 -0.023 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 7( 7, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.022 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.022 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.022 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.022 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.022 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 8( 8, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.010 -0.022 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ -0.010 -0.022 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.022 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.010 -0.022 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.010 -0.022 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 12 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 9( 1, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.023 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 12 1 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 10( 2, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 11( 3, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 12( 3, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 13( 4, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 14( 4, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 15( 5, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 2 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Âíóòðåííèå óñèëèÿ M,N ïðè îñíîâíîì ñî÷åòàíèè íàãðóçîê.
Ñî÷åòàíèå 1—3.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ Nst(n,k) ¦ Mmax ( N ) ¦ Mmin ( N ) ¦ Nmax ( M ) ¦ Nmin ( M ) ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 1( 1, 2)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -130.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 29.05(-130.01) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -130.01( 29.05)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 37.44(-130.01) 6.56( -42.94) -42.94( 6.56) -130.01( 37.44)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 27.12(-130.01) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -130.01( 27.12)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -130.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 2( 2, 3)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -127.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 17.42(-127.05) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -127.05( 17.42)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 21.94(-127.05) 6.54( -42.95) -42.95( 6.54) -127.05( 21.94)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 15.49(-127.05) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -127.05( 15.49)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -127.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 3( 3, 4)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -43.00( 0.00) -109.30( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 6.82(-109.30) 4.90( -43.00) -43.00( 4.90) -109.30( 6.82)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 8.46(-109.30) 6.53( -43.00) -43.00( 6.53) -109.30( 8.46)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 6.34(-109.30) 4.90( -43.00) -43.00( 4.90) -109.30( 6.34)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.00(-109.30) -0.00( -43.00) -43.00( -0.00) -109.30( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 4( 4, 5)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.95( 0.00) -107.50( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 10.20(-107.50) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -107.50( 10.20)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 14.24(-107.50) 6.54( -42.95) -42.95( 6.54) -107.50( 14.24)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 11.16(-107.50) 4.91( -42.95) -42.95( 4.91) -107.50( 11.16)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) -0.00( -64.55) -42.95( 0.00) -107.50( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 3 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 5( 5, 6)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -107.72( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 16.02(-107.72) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -107.72( 16.02)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 22.00(-107.72) 6.56( -42.94) -42.94( 6.56) -107.72( 22.00)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 16.98(-107.72) 4.92( -42.94) -42.94( 4.92) -107.72( 16.98)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( -64.77) 0.00( 0.00) -42.94( 0.00) -107.72( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 3 0 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 6( 6, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 36.72) -0.00( 77.78) 77.78( -0.00) 36.72( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.02( 36.72) -0.04( 77.78) 77.78( -0.04) 36.72( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.72) -0.08( 77.78) 77.78( -0.08) 36.72( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.05( 36.72) -0.12( 77.78) 77.78( -0.12) 36.72( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.06( 36.72) -0.15( 77.78) 77.78( -0.15) 36.72( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 7( 7, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.06( 36.77) -0.15( 74.21) 74.21( -0.15) 36.77( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.05( 36.77) -0.11( 74.21) 74.21( -0.11) 36.77( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.77) -0.07( 74.21) 74.21( -0.07) 36.77( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.02( 36.77) -0.03( 74.21) 74.21( -0.03) 36.77( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.02( 74.21) -0.00( 36.77) 74.21( 0.02) 36.77( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 8( 8, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.02( 83.20) -0.00( 36.76) 83.20( 0.02) 36.76( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.02( 36.76) -0.04( 83.20) 83.20( -0.04) 36.76( -0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.03( 36.76) -0.09( 83.20) 83.20( -0.09) 36.76( -0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.05( 36.76) -0.14( 83.20) 83.20( -0.14) 36.76( -0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.06( 36.76) -0.20( 83.20) 83.20( -0.20) 36.76( -0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 9( 1, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.00( 36.72) -0.00( 104.84) 104.84( -0.00) 36.72( -0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.05( 104.84) 0.02( 36.72) 104.84( 0.05) 36.72( 0.02)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.10( 104.84) 0.03( 36.72) 104.84( 0.10) 36.72( 0.03)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.15( 104.84) 0.05( 36.72) 104.84( 0.15) 36.72( 0.05)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.20( 104.84) 0.06( 36.72) 104.84( 0.20) 36.72( 0.06)¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 10( 2, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -15.10( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -15.10( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -15.10( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -15.10( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -15.10( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 11( 3, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 18.26( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 18.26( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 18.26( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 18.26( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 18.26( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 12( 3, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00) -7.34( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00) -7.34( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00) -7.34( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00) -7.34( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00) -7.34( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 13( 4, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 7.41( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 7.41( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 7.41( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 7.41( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 7.41( 0.00) 0.01( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 14( 4, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 2.99( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 2.99( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 2.99( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 2.99( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 2.99( 0.00) -0.05( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 13 1 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 15( 5, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -2.52( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -2.52( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -2.52( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -2.52( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.00( 0.00) 0.00( 0.00) 0.02( 0.00) -2.52( 0.00)¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 1 13 ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Ïîïåðå÷íàÿ ñèëà Q ïðè îñíîâíîì è îñîáîì ñî÷åòàíèè íàãðóçîê.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
¦ Nst(n,k) ¦ Qmax ¦ Qmin ¦ Qmax (os) ¦ Qmin (os) ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 1( 1, 2)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 29.259 4.795 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 13.453 2.397 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 -0.941 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.397 -13.924 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.794 -25.491 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 2( 2, 3)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 17.944 4.789 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 7.797 2.394 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 -0.940 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 3 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.394 -8.267 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.788 -14.184 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 3( 3, 4)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 7.368 4.786 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 2.862 2.393 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.000 -0.235 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.393 -2.980 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.786 -6.429 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 4( 4, 5)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 9.487 4.789 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 5.331 2.394 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.470 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 3 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.394 -5.096 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.788 -11.365 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 5( 5, 6)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 15.145 4.795 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 8.161 2.397 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.471 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 3 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -2.397 -7.925 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -4.794 -17.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 6( 6, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.010 -0.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.010 -0.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.010 -0.024 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 7( 7, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.026 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.026 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.026 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.026 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.026 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 8( 8, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ -0.010 -0.033 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.033 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ -0.010 -0.033 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ -0.010 -0.033 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ -0.010 -0.033 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 1 13 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 9( 1, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.030 0.010 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 13 1 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 10( 2, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 11( 3, 9)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 12( 3, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 13( 4, 8)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 14( 4, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------¦
¦ 15( 5, 7)¦ ¦
¦ 1 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 3 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 4 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
¦ 5 ¦ 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 ¦
¦ ¦ 0 0 0 0 ¦
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Ïîäáîð ñå÷åíèé
 äàííîì êóðñîâîì ïðîåêòå ñå÷åíèÿ ñòåðæíåé ôåðìû ïîäáèðàåòñÿ ïîëíîñòüþ ñèììåòðè÷íî è ñ öåëüþ óìåíüøåíèÿ êîëè÷åñòâî òèïîâ ñå÷åíèé. Òî åñòü, îáà ïîÿñà ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé ñîâîêóïíîñòü ñòåðæíåé èçãîòîâëåííûõ èç îäíèõ è òåõ æå áàëîê è óãîëêîâ.
Âåðõíèé ïîÿñ:
Èç ïðîãðàììíîãî ñòàòè÷åñêîãî ðàñ÷¸òà âûáèðàåì ìàêñèìàëüíûé ìîìåíò è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå åìó óñèëèå. Îí íàõîäèòñÿ â ñåðåäèíå ïåðâîãî ïðîë¸òà ïîÿñà.
Ïðèíèìàåì äëÿ âñåãî âåðõíåãî ïîÿñà ñå÷åíèå èç 18 äîñîê.
Íèæíèé ïîÿñ:
Ïðîâåðèì äâîéíîé óãîëîê 63×5.
Íåñìîòðÿ íà áîëüøîå íåäîíàïðÿæåíèå, ìû äîëæíû ïðèìåíèòü ýòî ñå÷åíèå äëÿ âñåãî íèæíåãî ïîÿñà, òàê êàê óìåíüøèòü åãî íåâîçìîæíî.
Ïîäáîð ñå÷åíèé ðàñêîñîâ
Ïðèìåì ñå÷åíèå èñõîäÿ èç óñëîâèÿ íà óñòîé÷èâîñòü
Ðàñ÷¸ò ñòîéêè
Ñáîð íàãðóçîê íà ñòîéêó.
| Âèä íàãðóçêè. |
|
|
|
|
1. Îò ïàíåëåé ïîêðûòèÿ:
|
15292,68 | — | 16151,2 |
|
2. Ñîáñòâåííûé âåñ ôåðìû:
à) Âåðõíèé ïîÿñ:
á) Íèæíèé ïîÿñ:
â) Ðàñêîñû:
|
7161,34 4484,84 1250,6 1425,9 |
— 1,1 1,05 0,9 |
7529,73 4933,3 1313,13 1283,3 |
|
3. Îðèåíòèðîâî÷íûé ñîáñòâåííûé âåñ ñòîéêè:
|
3744 | 1,1 | 4118,4 |
| Èòîãî: |
|
|
|
|
1. Ñíåãîâàÿ íàãðóçêà.
|
65520 |
|
93600 |
| Èòîãî: |
|
|
Ïðèíèìàåì ñå÷åíèå ñòîéêè 160×480 ìì.
Íàãðóçêè íà ñòîéêó.
Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè.
Íà÷àëüíûå äàííûå:
Ïðîâåðî÷íûé ðàñ÷¸ò.
1. Â ïëîñêîñòè èçãèáà:
Íåñìîòðÿ íà áîëüøîå íåäîíàïðÿæåíèå (52 %), ìû äîëæíû îñòàâèòü ðàíåå âûáðàííîå ñå÷åíèå, òàê êàê óìåíüøåíèå ñå÷åíèÿ íåâîçìîæíî (ìû èñïîëüçóåì ìèíèìàëüíî âîçìîæíûå), à óâåëè÷åíèå ñå÷åíèÿ íå èìååò ñìûñëà.
2. Èç ïëîñêîñòè èçãèáà:
Ðàñ÷¸ò ïðèêðåïëåíèÿ ñòîéêè ê ôóíäàìåíòó.
— ðàñòÿãèâàþùåå íàïðÿæåíèå:
— ñæèìàþùåå íàïðÿæåíèå:
Ðàçìåðû ñæàòîé è ðàñòÿíóòîé çîí.
Ìàêñèìàëüíîå ðàñòÿãèâàþùåå óñèëèå â àíêåðàõ.
Òðåáóåìàÿ ïëîùàäü àíêåðíûõ áîëòîâ.
Òðåáóåìûé äèàìåòð áîëòîâ.
Äëÿ ïðèíÿòîãî äèàìåòðà àíêåðà ïðèíèìàåì îòâåðñòèå â òðàâåðñå (â óãîëêå) íà 2 ìì áîëüøå.  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ïðèíèìàåì äèàìåòð îòâåðñòèÿ — 22 ìì. Øèðèíà óãîëêà ïðèíèìàåòñÿ èç óñëîâèÿ:
Âåëè÷èíà ðàñïðåäåë¸ííîé íàãðóçêè è èçãèáàþùåãî ìîìåíòà íà ó÷àñòêå øèðèíå ñòîéêè.
Òðåáóåìûé ìîìåíò ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ.
Ïðîâåðêà íîðìàëüíûõ íàïðÿæåíèé.
Ïðîãèá òðàâåðñû.
Âûáîð äèàìåòðà ãîðèçîíòàëüíûõ áîëòîâ èç óñëîâèÿ èõ ðàññòàíîâêè ïîïåð¸ê âîëîêîí â äâà ðÿäà ïî øèðèíå ñòîéêè.
Îïðåäåëèì íàèìåíüøóþ íåñóùóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü áîëòà èñõîäÿ èç äâóõ óñëîâèé.
×èñëî áîëòîâ.
Äëèíà íàêëàäêè.
Ðàñ÷¸ò óçëîâ ôåðìû
Îïîðíûé óçåë (óçåë 1).
Îïîðíûé óçåë ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñëîæíóþ êîíñòðóêöèþ èç ýëåìåíòîâ äåðåâÿííîãî âåðõíåãî ïîÿñà, ìåòàëëè÷åñêîãî íèæíåãî, ðåáðèñòîé ïëèòû è ñâàðíîãî áàøìàêà. Ïëèòà áàøìàêà, ïðèíèìàÿ óñèëèå îò òîðöà âåðõíåãî ïîÿñà, ðàáîòàåò íà ñìÿòèå, à ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî íóæåí ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé ðàñ÷¸ò.
Äëèíà îïîðíîé ïëèòû áàøìàêà.
Îïðåäåëÿåì òîëùèíó óïîðíîé ïëèòû. Äëÿ ýòîãî ðàññ÷èòûâàåì ó÷àñòîê ïëèòû îï¸ðòîé ïî êîíòóðó ñî ñòîðîíàìè 140 × 70 ìì.
Ïðîâåðÿåì óïîðíóþ ïëèòó ñ òðåìÿ ïîäêðåïëÿþùèìè ð¸áðàìè 8 ´ 80 ìì, êàê áàëêó ïðîë¸òîì b = 140 ìì íà èçãèá:
Ðàññòîÿíèå îò íàðóæíîé ãðàíè ïëèòû äî öåíòðà òÿæåñòè ñå÷åíèÿ.
Ìîìåíò èíåðöèè ñå÷åíèÿ:
Ìàêñèìàëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå â óïîðíîé ïëèòå:
Áîêîâûå ëèñòû áàøìàêà ïðèíèìàåì d=10 ìì. Ýëåìåíòû óïîðíîé ïëèòû ñâàðèâàåì øâàìè âûñîòîé 6 è 8 ìì. Ðàññ÷èòûâàåì ãîðèçîíòàëüíóþ îïîðíóþ ïëèòó áàøìàêà. Ïðèíèìàåì ïëèòó ðàçìåðîì 200 ´ 250 ìì. Ïðîâåðÿåì îáâÿçî÷íûé áðóñ íà ñìÿòèå ïîä ïëèòîé ïîïåð¸ê âîëîêîí.
Òîëùèíó ïëèòû íàõîäèì èç óñëîâèÿ èçãèáà:
Èñõîäÿ èç ìîìåíòîâ:
Äëèíà øâîâ, êðåïÿùèõ óãîëêè íèæíåãî ïîÿñà:
Ïðèìå÷àíèå:
Ïðèíèìàåì øâû êîíñòðóêòèâíî.
Ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé óçåë âåðõíåãî ïîÿñà (óçåë 3).
Äëÿ ïåðåäà÷è óñèëèé ïîÿñîâ è êðåïëåíèÿ ðàñêîñîâ â óçëàõ óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ ñâàðíûå ñòàëüíûå áàøìàêè ðàçìåðîì 200 × 140 ìì. Ïîñêîëüêó ðàçìåðû áàøìàêà áîëüøå ðàçìåðîâ óïîðíîé ïëèòû â óïîðíîì óçëå, òî íà ñìÿòèå åãî íå ïðîâåðÿåì. Ïëèòó ïðîâåðÿåì íà èçãèá:
Íàéä¸ì ðàâíîäåéñòâóþùóþ óñèëèé â óçëå.
Ðàñêîñû êðåïÿòñÿ ê óçëàì ñ ïîìîùüþ ñòàëüíûõ íàêëàäîê ñå÷åíèåì 80 × 8 ìì. Íàêëàäêè ê ðàñêîñàì êðåïÿòñÿ äâóìÿ áîëòàìè äèàìåòðîì 16 ìì. Ïðîâåðêà ñòàëüíûõ íàêëàäîê:
Îïðåäåëåíèå íåñóùåé ñïîñîáíîñòè îäíîãî äâóñðåçíîãî áîëòà:
Ïî ñìÿòèþ äðåâåñèíû:
Ïî íàãèáó áîëòà:
Êîëè÷åñòâî áîëòîâ:
Óçåë â ñâÿçÿõ.
Ñå÷åíèå ïîäáèðàåì èç óñëîâèÿ óñòîé÷èâîñòè:
Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ
Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ äåðåâÿííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé òðåáóåò íå ìåíüøåé îòâåòñòâåííîñòè, ÷åì èõ ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå. Äðåâåñèíà êàê íèêàêîé äðóãîé ìàòåðèàë ñèëüíî ñòðàäàåò îò ãíèåíèÿ è «áîèòñÿ» îãíÿ.
Ãíèåíèå — åñòü ðåçóëüòàò æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè äåðåâîðàçðóøàþùèõ ãðèáîâ è ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ. Ïðè ýòîì â äðåâåñèíå ïðîõîäÿò ðàçíûå õèìè÷åñêèå ðåàêöèè, êîòîðûå ìåíÿþò (÷àùå â õóäøóþ ñòîðîíó) ñâîéñòâà ìàòåðèàëà. Êîíå÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò — ïîëíàÿ ïîòåðÿ íåñóùèõ ñâîéñòâ è íàðóøåíèå ñòðóêòóðû äðåâåñèíû. Ýêñïëóàòàöèÿ òàêèõ ñîîðóæåíèé çàïðåùåíà.
Äëÿ ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ ãíèåíèÿ äðåâåñèíû íåîáõîäèìî ïðåêðàòèòü äîñòóï âîçäóõà ê êîíñòðóêöèè è âûäåðæàòü íóæíûé âëàæíîñòíûé ðåæèì. ×àñòî ýòè óñëîâèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ íåâûïîëíèìûìè, ïîýòîìó ïðèáåãàþò ê äðóãèì ìåòîäàì çàùèòû: àíòèñåïòèðîâàíèþ, ïîêðûòèå (ïîêðàñêà) ñïåöèàëüíûìè êðàñêàìè è ìîäèôèêàöèè ïîëèìåðàìè. Àíòèñåïòèðîâàíèå çàïðåùåíî â ïîìåùåíèÿõ, ãäå íàõîäÿòñÿ ëþäè áåç ñðåäñòâ çàùèòû, æèâîòíûå, ïðîäóêòû, ìåäèêàìåíòû è êîðìà.
Ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî ìåòîäîâ êîíñòðóêòèâíîé çàùèòû ñîîðóæåíèÿ îò ãíèåíèÿ: ýòî óñòðîéñòâî âåíòèëÿöèè äëÿ ïðîâåòðèâàíèÿ ïîìåùåíèÿ, íàðóæíûé îòâîä àòìîñôåðíûõ âîä, óñòðîéñòâî îãðàæäàþùèõ êîíñòðóêöèé â ïðåäåëàõ îòàïëèâàåìîãî êîíòóðà (âî èçáåæàíèå ïîÿâëåíèÿ êîíäåíñàòà), îáøèâêà ôàñàäîâ, îòêàç îò ôîíàðåé âåðõíåãî ñâåòà.
Õèìè÷åñêèå ìåòîäû çàùèòû â äàííîì êóðñîâîì ïðîåêòå ðàññìàòðèâàòüñÿ íå áóäóò, òàê êàê îáùåñòâåííîå íàçíà÷åíèå çäàíèÿ íå ïîäðàçóìåâàåò ïðèìåíåíèå àíòèñåïòèêîâ è ïðîïèòêó èìè êîíñòðóêöèé.
Ìîäèôèêàöèîííûå ìåòîäû çàùèòû ïîëó÷èëè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ëèøü 30 ëåò íàçàä. Ïîëèìåðíàÿ ìîäèôèêàöèÿ èçìåíÿåò ñâîéñòâà äðåâåñèíû è äàæå ïîâûøàåò å¸ ñîðò, íî ïðîöåññ òðóäî¸ìîê è òðåáóåò ìíîãî âðåìåíè, ÷òî âåä¸ò ê óäîðîæàíèþ êîíñòðóêöèè.
Ïîêðûòèå âëàãîçàùèòíûìè ñîñòàâàìè î÷åíü ýôôåêòèâíûé è ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûé ìåòîä çàùèòû îò ãíèåíèÿ. Âåùåñòâà, âõîäÿùèå â ñîñòàâ ìíîãèõ êðàñîê è ëàêîâ, ñîçäàþò íåêóþ ïë¸íêó íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êîíñòðóêöèè, êîòîðàÿ íå ïðîõîäèìà äëÿ âîäû è ìèêðîîðãàíèçìîâ. Åäèíñòâåííûé è ãëàâíûé íåäîñòàòîê — íåäîëãîâå÷íîñòü: ïîäîáíóþ îáðàáîòêó íàäî ïðîâîäèòü ðàç â 3—6 ëåò çàâèñèìîñòè îò ìíîæåñòâà óñëîâèé è ôàêòîðîâ.
Ïðèìåíÿåìûå â ñòðîèòåëüñòâå äåðåâÿííûå êîíñòðóêöèè äîëæíû îòâå÷àòü ìíîãèì ïðîòèâîïîæàðíûì íîðìàì è óêàçàíèÿì â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ýòàæíîñòè è íàçíà÷åíèÿ çäàíèÿ, à òàêæå îò åãî ìåñòà â ïëàíèðîâêå ãîðîäà. Êîíñòðóêòèâíûå ìåòîäû îò âîçãîðàíèÿ íàïðàâëåíû íà óâåëè÷åíèå âðåìåíè ãîðåíèÿ, òî åñòü íà óâåëè÷åíèå ñå÷åíèÿ êîíñòðóêöèé, íà èçáåãàíèå ïóñòîò è âûñòóïîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ íåñãîðàåìûå äèàôðàãìû è ïåðåãîðîäêè, åñëè ðå÷ü èä¸ò îá îòñå÷íîì ñòðîèòåëüñòâå.
Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ
1. ÑÍèÏ II—25—80: Äåðåâÿííûå êîíñòðóêöèè, — Ì. Ñòðîéèçäàò, 1982 — 65 ñ.
2. Ðàñ÷¸ò è êîíñòðóèðîâàíèå êëååäîùàòûõ ôåðì è ñòîåê: Ì.Ó. ê êóðñîâîìó ïðîåêòó. Áóëãàêîâà Ë. È. — Âîëîãäà; ÂîÏÈ, 1997.
3. Êîíñòðóêöèè èç äåðåâà è ïëàñòìàññ. Óçëû ôåðì: Ìåòîä. óêàçàíèÿ. Áóëãàêîâ Ø. Ý. Áóëãàêîâà Ë. È. — Âîëîãäà, ÂîÏÈ, 1998.
4. Ñòðîèòåëüíûå êîíñòðóêöèè èç äåðåâà è ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå è ðàñ÷¸ò. Ãðèíü È.Ì. Èçäàòåëüñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå «Âèùà øêîëà», 1975 — 280 ñ.
5. Êîíñòðóêöèè èç äåðåâà è ïëàñòìàññ. Ïðèìåðû ðàñ÷¸òà è êîíñòðóèðîâàíèÿ; Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå äëÿ ÂÓÇîâ (ïîä ðåä. ïðîô. Èâàíîâà Â. À.) — 3-å èçä., ïåðåðàá. È äîï. — Êèåâ: Âèùà øêîëà, — 1981, 382ñ.
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